| 1085: Alfonso VI takes Toledo, Spain from the Muslims. |
| 1787: The Constitutional convention opens at Philadelphia with George Washington presiding. |
| 1810: Argentina declares independence from Napoleonic Spain. |
| 1851: Jose Justo de Urquiza of Argentina leads a rebellion against Juan Manuel de Rosas, his former ally. |
| 1911: Porfirio Diaz, President of Mexico, resigns his office. |
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